So we have had a huge growth rate for ETFs. And in terms of market share, stability in a lot of ways, and maybe disappointing stability in the market share of traditional, classic index funds—old, broad market index funds. But for quite a few years, the cash flow went very much in favor of … active funds over index funds for years and years.

But in 2007, as you can see in this chart, the index funds took in about twice as much in the way of assets as actively managed funds. Last year, index funds took in $200 billion in assets. Active funds lost $250 billion. And this year, index funds are taking in a little bit of money so far. These are annualized numbers for 2009. And the active funds are, again, losing so far, on an annualized basis, about $150 billion this year. So clearly, the trends are there. The trends are also there for traditional index funds versus exchange-traded funds.

You can see on this chart the dominance of exchange-traded funds has really been quite remarkable these last three or four years. Where the traditional index funds were taking $40 or $50 billion a year in net cash flow—a good measure of success in the marketplace—the exchange-traded funds were taking somewhere between $140 billion to $150 billion a year and three or four or five times as much. Whether this is a trend or not is much too early to say.

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